The Effects Of Autism On Children With Early Signs Of Autism

For years there has been many speculations conveying that some vaccines, particularly Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) causes signs of autism. Many compelling concerns have been formulated from parents of children who received vaccines and associated noticeable changes in their children with early signs of autism. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the behaviour and cognition of children (Quinn, 2014). Autism impairs communication, interest and repetitive patterns of behaviour in a child’s socialization aspect of life (Quinn, 2014). Evidently, autism has shown a prevalent increase amongst children in question with environmental causes (Doja Roberts, 2006). Hypotheses speculate the MMR vaccine, gastrointestinal infections, Thimerosal, mercury and exposure to the live virus all correlate to early signs of autism after given the vaccine. However, vaccinations are a preventive measure against severe viruses as related to SC/BIOL2900 course content. It is a harml ess agent that triggers the immunity and stimulates the body’s defence mechanism against harmful viruses (Taylor, et al., 1999). This essay will present different perspectives of vaccinations and autism following the concluded reasons I believe that vaccinations do not cause autism and illustrate better implications that can be provided to parents with concerns of this non-warranted causation. One hypothesis expresses concerns of early signs of autism in the association with the MMRShow MoreRelatedChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pagessurvive in life. For many children and adults, they live with a disorder that dictates these behaviors and language skills to be very different from the average American. These skills they are challenged with, make it very difficult to live independently. The disorder these individuals live with is called Autism Spectrum Disorder. 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Another form of autism is Asperger Syndrome which is associatedRead MoreGenetic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1556 Words   |  7 PagesAutism is a cognitive disorder that occurs in the first three years of life and affects many children and adults today. It is a c ommon behaviorally defined syndrome characterized by impairments in socialization, abnormalities of verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted, stereotyped interests and behaviors. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was recently edited to more clearly define the 3 main branches of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These branchesRead MoreAutism Is A Psychological Disorder Essay817 Words   |  4 Pageslong ,2008 p.284) â€Å"autism is a neurological disorder that effect a person ability to communicate, to understand language, to play and to relate to others. A diagnose of autism is given when a person exhibits 6 or more of 12 symptoms listed across three major areas social interaction, communication, and behavior.† These symptoms can start as early as childhood. The Prevalence is 2% of the population and is it is more common in boys than girls. Also, there is no known cause for autism but has to haveRead MoreVaccines And Its Effect On Health Care1163 Words   |  5 Pages This ground- breaking discovery has a tremendous effect on health care by putting an end to diseases that might otherwise be untreatable. Diseases such as typhoid, whooping cough, and polio which threaten many countries worldwide are now preventable after the discovery of the vaccine. Although the development of vaccines has led to the prevention of deadly illnesses, there has been may controversy based on whether these vaccines has side effects that outweigh the benefits. More specifically, manyRead MoreAutism Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Van Boening English 12 Block 8 6 October 2014 Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic children experience the world a lot more differently than others. For example, children with autism are not capable of using words, and have a hard time communicating in general by any means. Specific sounds, like loud crashes and yelling, would bother an autistic child that wouldn’t normally bother a child that wasn’t autistic. We need to learn more about autism so we can handle it, as it is the fastest growingRead MoreA Variable Developmental Disorder1533 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Introduction Alexis Wineman the first woman with ASD to participate in the Miss America competition. While Alexis was in middle school she was diagnosed with PDD-NOS which is a form of ASD. She felt different at an early age, and only struggled more as she got older. As she got older she had to overcome the challenges that came with having ASD, such as: communication problems, speech impediments, sensitivity to loud sounds, and other sensory-related issues. Bullying was also a problem because

The Constitution Essay - 1030 Words

The preamble introduces the constitution. It states that the government comes from the people. Its general purposes are in order to form a more perfect union we have to â€Å"Establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.† (Remy, United States Government, McGraw Hill companies, Ohio, 2002) Its purpose is to make a good government and good laws, have peace in our homes, national security, healthy communities, and freedom to ourselves, families and friends. The legislative branch is known as the congress. They write the bills and it goes to congress to get to the president. (Palese web team, Legislative branch,†¦show more content†¦The president can go to congress and veto their congressional legislation. The president also goes to the courts and nominates judges. These three branches control and order the government. To choose one branch out of the three is challenging because they are all linked; they work with each other in a rotation. The legislative branch, responsible for making laws, considers what is good for the nation as a whole. The legislative sets rules within the branch, they create policy. They enact war, raise and lower taxes and budgets; therefore the legislative branch is the most powerful branch. The congress intended the legislative branch to have the most power out of all the other branches which is why it is emphasized in the constitution the importance of the lawmaking power. (Remy, United States Government, McGraw Hill companies, Ohio, 2002) The three branches can affect us differently, depending on certain circumstances we are in. It is very complex. Being said the legislative branch has the most power I’m going to add that it also has a great Influence on everyone’s lives. It holds all the cards in our government. It writes our laws, decides how to tax our money, declare our wars, dec ide how our federal money is spent, the Congress has a lot of authority over the other two branches so without a doubt it is the most powerful branch of the government. However our part is to just learn how to accept it and live with it. Each aspect it consists of affectsShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Of The Texas Constitution948 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter, in the case of the Texas Constitution having the second longest state Constitution and the fourth most amended Constitution in the United States, makes it a difficult and complicated document. The Texas Constitution has been rewritten a total of six times since becoming independent from Mexico. The most recent being the Constitution of 1876, which is excessively detailed and exact due to the framers fear of a strong state government. 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When judges interpret the constitution, they are interpreting new facts to an established law that has been given meaning and has a historical background. Many people argue that it should be read how it was written who are known as Originalists. Then there are people who believe that the Constitution evolves as society does and they are knownRead MoreConstitution6527 Words   |  27 PagesFacts This writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, raising a question of public importance involving the interpretation of Articles 74 (pari materia to Article 163) and 156 of the Constitution, has been referred to this six-judge Constitution Bench. On August 7th, 2014, President Pranab Mukherjee issued a Presidential order removing Mizoram Governor Kamla Beniwal with barely four months left of her tenure. Ms. Beniwal, who had crossed swords with PM Narendra Modi as Gujarat governorRead MoreThe Constitution Of Nepal 20151034 Words   |  5 Pagesfeeling today. The people waited for 65 years for a constitution written by their elected representatives. Such a charter -- Constitution of Nepal 2015 -- has been finally promulgated today, on 20 September. Most people seem happy but some are clearly agitated. The country had waited for this day since 1950. At the time of removing Rana oligarchy, King Tribhuvan had promised to call elections for a constituent assembly to draft a new constitution. But that did not transpire. Kings gifted the statuteRead MoreRule of Law in the Constitution1448 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A ‘free society’ is a system of interaction between humans wherein every person can participate in a civilised manner and without discrimination. In Australia, the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp) is the primary source by which society operates as an essentially free society. This paper seeks to establish that the functioning of such a society is dependent upon the existence of a legal framework supporting the rule of law, which is ultimately, an ideology. Read MoreThe Constitution And The American Constitution1141 Words   |  5 Pagestheir mistakes and promptly followed up by making quite possibly the most successful constitution ever in 1776. To ensure that American citizens would enjoy their new freedom, our founders kept in mind what John Locke had said in his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding â€Å"life, liberty, and property,† by coining â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† into the final draft of the constitution. The constitution is important because it â€Å"exists to protect the rights of all citizens, and has noRead MoreThe Constitution And Human Rights1171 Words   |  5 Pagesinspiring the US Constitution, Bill Of Rights (1791) and Human Rights (1948) declaration by United Nations. 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Two Vastly Difrent Words Two Vastley Diffrent Meanings Free Essays

Two vastly different words with Two vastly different meanings Ignorance and Stupidity are words that are commonly used out of context and either word is often mistakenly used in the others rightful place. Ignorance is commonly mistaken for stupidity in society. Just as commonly, stupidity can be denied and termed as ignorance. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Vastly Difrent Words Two Vastley Diffrent Meanings or any similar topic only for you Order Now To say that these words are one in the same is ignorance in and of its self, that is if one is uninformed of the true definitions of either word. When one has been informed of the correct definition and still uses the term out of context well, that is an example of stupidity. For many reasons these two words have two vastly different meanings which can be easily contrasted with some thought. Ignorance can be defined as having no knowledge or information in ones mind of a specific subject. Ignorance is the result of a lack of education, one can not be expected to have the correct response when exposed to something they are uneducated on. For example, a male student walks into his college math class half an hour late. He sits down and is then handed a quiz on calculus and instructed to finish the quiz in fifteen minutes. He hasn’t read any of the chapter on calculus assigned last week and he has missed the lecture on calculus that his teacher gave at the beginning of the class. This is the first he has heard of calculus and he has had no prior experience in the subject. Therefore the student was ignorant on the subject. He failed the quiz because of his ignorance. The student may have retained the information given on calculus well and aced the test had he obtained that information. Ignorance is also a term used to describe being unaware of something. Such as, when a good friend of mine bill ate crab legs for the first time he was ignorant to the fact that he was allergic to shellfish. His throat itched then swelled and he was quickly rushed to the E. R that night. Know he is no longer ignorant to that fact. Other words to describe ignorance are uninformed, unlearned, uneducated and unwitting . Stupidity can be defined as a lack of intelligence. When one lacks intelligence they lack the ability to think and learn. They also lack the ability to apply information that they have been given. Stupidity can also be described as a lack of perception, not using the senses or lacking common sense. When one does not think logically or chooses not to make practical judgments based on the experience they already posses that is stupidity. Stupidity is expressed in irrational or thoughtless behavior. Such as the story given earlier of the male college student who didn’t study he showed an example of ignorance by having no knowledge of the subject he was being quizzed on. He also showed an example of stupidity. He would not have been ignorant had he studied. He was not ignorant to the fact that he had a chapter to read or of the time he was to be in class he just stupidly chose not to read the chapter just as he stupidly chose to be late for class. Because of this thoughtless, stupid behavior he was left ignorant. Other words to describe stupidity are foolish, senseless, witless and idiotic. Ignorance is a term used to describe ones unknowing, as to say he is ignorant of a subject not because he is stupid but because he lacks knowledge of that subject. It is a term that should never be used to insult and just as well should never be taken that way. There is no one person who possess no ignorance at all, we all have things we are ignorant of. Benjamin Franklin once said â€Å" being ignorant is not so much a shame as being unwilling to learn†. One can attempt to dispel there ignorance by seeking out and the proper Knowledge and education. Once they obtain the proper information and knowledge then they are no longer ignorant of the subject. Stupidity is a term used as an insult and can usually be correctly perceived as one. When a person uses the term stupid to describe another they are usually placing the blame of thoughtlessness or another negative trait such as foolishness on that other person. Fools rush in where fools been before† Unknown. While ignorance can be dispelled as quickly as one can learn, stupidity seems to be a pattern or bad habit that even the most educated people tend to exhibit. It can take a lot longer for some to get rid of there stupidity then for others to gain knowledge and rid of there ignorance. These terms have been defined enough to show why they are two vastly different words wi th two vastly different meanings and are expected to be used wisely. How to cite Two Vastly Difrent Words Two Vastley Diffrent Meanings, Papers

Hamlet Essay Appearance Vs Reality Example For Students

Hamlet Essay Appearance Vs Reality THe unraveling of Hamlet Hamlet (c. 1600) is perhaps the most famous of all the tragedies created by William Shakespeare. The main character – Hamlet may be the most complex and controversial character any playwright has ever placed onstage. Hamlet’s erratic behavior poses a question: is he being rational in his acts and sacrificing himself for the â€Å"greater good† or is he simply mad? How and why does Hamlet move from one state of mind to the other? What significance does this have for the play? Throughout the play Hamlet goes through several different stages of life, constantly being in a tortured mental state, caught between love, grief, and vengeance. His different states of mind are the result of his controversial personality and his ability to objectively analyze any situation. Over the centuries there have been a multitude of different explanations for Hamlets behavior. One of the views is that Hamlet is simply a victim of circumstances; the other pres ents him as a beautiful but ineffectual soul who lacked the willpower to avenge his father. Hamlet can also be viewed as something close to a manic-depressive whose melancholy moods, as his failure to take revenge continues, deepened into self-contempt. His disturbing gift of laughing at his own grief as well as at the shortcomings of the world in general also contributes to the complexity of his character. His laughter strengthens the plot, by becoming one of the qualities of his mind that enable him to avoid his mission and postpone his revenge. The reader can see that Shakespeare meant to create Hamlet to be such a complicated character. Hamlet is a person of exceptional intelligence and sensitivity, raised to occupy a high station in life and then suddenly confronted with a violent and terrifying situation in which he must take drastic action. He admits that he is not ready for this task: â€Å"The time is out of joint. O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right!â⠂¬  (1.5.188-89). At this point Hamlet’s mind is torn apart by the controversy of vengeance. Its hardly surprising to find him veering between extremes of behavior, hesitating, demanding proof, and looking for the most appropriate way to carry out his task. The Ghost appears before Hamlet at a very disturbing time in his life his father’s tragic death and his mother’s quick remarriage are more than Hamlet’s mind can bear. The reader can easily find justification for this point of view, especially in Hamlets own soliloquies. Early in the play Hamlet manifests his anger: Let me not think on’t; frailty, thy name is woman— A little month, or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor father’s body Like Niobe, all tears, why, she— O god, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned longer—married with my uncle, My father’s brother, but no more like my father Than I to Hercules. Within a mon th, Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. O, most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! It is not, nor it cannot come to good. (1.2.146-58) Linked to the theme of revenge is the great question of Hamlets inner meditations: Is there a point to life at all? Do humans suffer in this harsh world for a purpose, or simply because they are afraid to find out what may lie beyond it? Is there a higher power, and how does one seek its guidance? Hamlets anguish is caused by his effort to link even the most trivial event to the order of the universe. His inability to coop with reality because of his philosophical beliefs causes Hamlet’s state of mind to constantly change. His dilemma is in his unsuccessful attempts to create a tangible bond between his passion, which would spur him to immediate vengeance, and reason, which is God-given, and which would soothe Hamlet’s action with sensible judgmen t. Hamlet is trapped between two worlds: the ideal world that he created in his head and the existing reality. Worst of all however, is that he realizes that the weakness of his mind prevents him from acting: â€Å"Why, then ‘tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so† (2.2. 253-54). Another point worth mentioning is the effect that the concept of revenge has on Hamlet. This powerful demand is countered in Hamlets mind by three questions: Is revenge a good or an evil act? Is Claudius truly guilty and so to be punished? Is it Hamlets responsibility to punish him? The fact that Hamlet is a thinking as well as a feeling person, conscious of the good and bad points in every step he takes, makes the act of revenge particularly painful for him. Revenge is not Christian, and Hamlet is a Christian prince; it is not rational, and Hamlet is a philosopher; it is not gentle, and Hamlet is a gentleman. Hamlet does not approach his task in an un questioning, mechanical way. He has doubts about it, as any of us might if asked to do the same thing. It releases violent emotions in him, the intensity of which shocks and unbalances him. Both Marcellus and Horatio fear that the Ghost may be an evil spirit intending to damn or destroy Hamlet. Hamlet himself seems to toy with this idea at times; however, he accepts the ghosts story, at first cautiously and then unquestioningly after the Play Scene: I know my course. The spirit that I have seen May be a devil, and the devil hath power T’ assume a pleasing shape, yea, and perhaps Out of my weakness and my melancholy, As he is very potent with such spirits, Abuses me to damn me. I’ll have grounds More relative than this. (2.2. 610-16) Yet again Hamlet is reminded of his own conflicting impulses and of his inability to feel sufficient desire for revenge or sufficient grief over his fathers death. Although Hamlet’s mind is still possessed by doubts, he suppresses th em and makes a first definite decision to act. It becomes clear that Hamlet constantly battles the fear that the idea of revenge is inspired by his own deranged mind, and therefore by carrying it out he would be committing a sin. By the end of the play however, there is no question that the ghost was speaking the truth. Whether its advice was good and heaven-sent, however, is unclear, considering the death and destruction to which its desire for revenge has led. It is also important to point out yet another controversy of Hamlet’s character the cruel and barbaric aspects of his behavior his mental badgering of Ophelia, his reason for refusing to kill Claudius at prayer, and most of all the coldhearted and possibly unjust way he has dealt with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. All those scenes suggest that Hamlet is himself a crude and unpleasant character, and his poetic speeches merely sugarcoat the bitter pill. On the other hand, the emotional violence of his scene with Opheli a is often explained by suggesting that Hamlet knows their meeting is being watched by the King and Polonius. The murder of Polonius, though perhaps an excessive punishment for his eavesdropping, is the inevitable outgrowth of his spying on behalf of the King. However, Hamlet does not think that murdering Polonius is enough of a punishment – he also hides his body. When the King questions Hamlet about the whereabouts of Polonius’s body, Hamlet replies: â€Å"In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him I’ th’ other place yourself. But if indeed you find him not within this month, you shall nose as you go up the stairs into the lobby† (4.3. 33-7). Naturally Hamlet realizes that by denying Polonius the proper Christian burial, he denies him the possibility of going to heaven. Remembering Hamlet’s deliberations about revenge and his fear that the Ghost was sent by the devil, the reader might wonder – wha t is happening to Hamlet? Hamlet’s state of mind changes yet again – he becomes ruthless. At that point it is clear that Hamlet is ready to kill Claudius, since he does not hesitate even for a moment when he kills Polonius. His sacrilegious playing with Polonius’ corpse serves as evidence that he accepted himself as the true avenger of his fathers’ death. Similarly, Hamlets execution of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern is warranted by their willingness to serve Claudius. Hamlet justifies his actions, saying essentially that his friends got caught in the middle, between him and Claudius; that their â€Å"own insinuation† (5.2. 59) has brought about their defeat. In the end of the play Hamlet says: â€Å"There is special providence in fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ‘tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all. Since no man of aught he leaves knows, what is’t to leave beti mes? Let be† (5.2. 220-5). Hamlet expresses his belief in fate – whatever is meant to be will come sooner or later. Perhaps he feels that he is destined to die, or he might feel confident enough to win. With the full acceptance of the idea of revenge came the acceptance of fate. Hamlet’s philosophical nature wins. Hamlet’s different states of mind are essential to the play. Through those changes Shakespeare shows the reader the birth, growth and demise of Hamlet’s character. From the beginning Hamlet faces several questions he must decide whether to avenge his father or not, and if so, how. Those are not easy questions. By showing Hamlet’s uncertainty and inability to make a decision throughout the play Shakespeare makes him so human that the reader starts to wonder whether Hamlet did actually exist. Also Shakespeare shows the reader that for a man with Hamlets ideals the world is out of joint with itself, in which he can only hope for perfe ction, but never achieve it. BibliographyTHe unraveling of Hamlet Hamlet (c. 1600) is perhaps the most famous of all the tragedies created by William Shakespeare. The main character – Hamlet may be the most complex and controversial character any playwright has ever placed onstage. Hamlet’s erratic behavior poses a question: is he being rational in his acts and sacrificing himself for the â€Å"greater good† or is he simply mad? How and why does Hamlet move from one state of mind to the other? What significance does this have for the play? Throughout the play Hamlet goes through several different stages of life, constantly being in a tortured mental state, caught between love, grief, and vengeance. His different states of mind are the result of his controversial personality and his ability to objectively analyze any situation. Over the centuries there have been a multitude of different explanations for Hamlets behavior. One of the views is that Hamlet is simply a victim of circumstances; the other presents him as a beautiful but ineffectual soul who lacked the willpower to avenge his father. Hamlet can also be viewed as something close to a manic-depressive whose melancholy moods, as his failure to take revenge continues, deepened into self-contempt. His disturbing gift of laughing at his own grief as well as at the shortcomings of the world in general also contributes to the complexity of his character. His laughter strengthens the plot, by becoming one of the qualities of his mind that enable him to avoid his mission and postpone his revenge. The reader can see that Shakespeare meant to create Hamlet to be such a complicated character. Hamlet is a person of exceptional intelligence and sensitivity, raised to occupy a high station in life and then suddenly confronted with a violent and terrifying situation in which he must take drastic action. He admits that he is not ready for this task: â€Å"The time is out of joint. O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right!† (1.5.188-89). At this point Hamlet’s mind is torn apart by the controversy of vengeance. Its hardly surprising to find him veering between extremes of behavior, hesitating, demanding proof, and looking for the most appropriate way to carry out his task. The Ghost appears before Hamlet at a very disturbing time in his life his father’s tragic death and his mother’s quick remarriage are more than Hamlet’s mind can bear. The reader can easily find justification for this point of view, especially in Hamlets own soliloquies. Early in the play Hamlet manifests his anger: Let me not think on’t; frailty, thy name is woman— A little month, or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor father’s body Like Niobe, all tears, why, she— O god, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned longer—married with my uncle, My father’s brother, but no more like my father Than I to Hercules. Within a month, Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. O, most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! It is not, nor it cannot come to good. (1.2.146-58) Linked to the theme of revenge is the great question of Hamlets inner meditations: Is there a point to life at all? Do humans suffer in this harsh world for a purpose, or simply because they are afraid to find out what may lie beyond it? Is there a higher power, and how does one seek its guidance? Hamlets anguish is caused by his effort to link even the most trivial event to the order of the universe. His inability to coop with reality because of his philosophical beliefs causes Hamlet’s state of mind to constantly change. His dilemma is in his unsuccessful attempts to create a tangible bond between his passion, which would spur him to immediate vengeance, and reason, which is God-given, and which would soothe Ha mlet’s action with sensible judgment. Hamlet is trapped between two worlds: the ideal world that he created in his head and the existing reality. Worst of all however, is that he realizes that the weakness of his mind prevents him from acting: â€Å"Why, then ‘tis none to you, for there is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so† (2.2. 253-54). Another point worth mentioning is the effect that the concept of revenge has on Hamlet. This powerful demand is countered in Hamlets mind by three questions: Is revenge a good or an evil act? Is Claudius truly guilty and so to be punished? Is it Hamlets responsibility to punish him? The fact that Hamlet is a thinking as well as a feeling person, conscious of the good and bad points in every step he takes, makes the act of revenge particularly painful for him. Revenge is not Christian, and Hamlet is a Christian prince; it is not rational, and Hamlet is a philosopher; it is not gentle, and Hamlet is a gentleman. Hamlet does not approach his task in an unquestioning, mechanical way. He has doubts about it, as any of us might if asked to do the same thing. It releases violent emotions in him, the intensity of which shocks and unbalances him. Both Marcellus and Horatio fear that the Ghost may be an evil spirit intending to damn or destroy Hamlet. Hamlet himself seems to toy with this idea at times; however, he accepts the ghosts story, at first cautiously and then unquestioningly after the Play Scene: I know my course. The spirit that I have seen May be a devil, and the devil hath power T’ assume a pleasing shape, yea, and perhaps Out of my weakness and my melancholy, As he is very potent with such spirits, Abuses me to damn me. I’ll have grounds More relative than this. (2.2. 610-16) Yet again Hamlet is reminded of his own conflicting impulses and of his inability to feel sufficient desire for revenge or sufficient grief over his fathers death. Although Hamlet’s mind is s till possessed by doubts, he suppresses them and makes a first definite decision to act. It becomes clear that Hamlet constantly battles the fear that the idea of revenge is inspired by his own deranged mind, and therefore by carrying it out he would be committing a sin. By the end of the play however, there is no question that the ghost was speaking the truth. Whether its advice was good and heaven-sent, however, is unclear, considering the death and destruction to which its desire for revenge has led. It is also important to point out yet another controversy of Hamlet’s character the cruel and barbaric aspects of his behavior his mental badgering of Ophelia, his reason for refusing to kill Claudius at prayer, and most of all the coldhearted and possibly unjust way he has dealt with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. All those scenes suggest that Hamlet is himself a crude and unpleasant character, and his poetic speeches merely sugarcoat the bitter pill. On the other hand, the e motional violence of his scene with Ophelia is often explained by suggesting that Hamlet knows their meeting is being watched by the King and Polonius. The murder of Polonius, though perhaps an excessive punishment for his eavesdropping, is the inevitable outgrowth of his spying on behalf of the King. However, Hamlet does not think that murdering Polonius is enough of a punishment – he also hides his body. When the King questions Hamlet about the whereabouts of Polonius’s body, Hamlet replies: â€Å"In heaven. Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him I’ th’ other place yourself. But if indeed you find him not within this month, you shall nose as you go up the stairs into the lobby† (4.3. 33-7). Naturally Hamlet realizes that by denying Polonius the proper Christian burial, he denies him the possibility of going to heaven. Remembering Hamlet’s deliberations about revenge and his fear that the Ghost was sent by the d evil, the reader might wonder – what is happening to Hamlet? Hamlet’s state of mind changes yet again – he becomes ruthless. At that point it is clear that Hamlet is ready to kill Claudius, since he does not hesitate even for a moment when he kills Polonius. His sacrilegious playing with Polonius’ corpse serves as evidence that he accepted himself as the true avenger of his fathers’ death. Similarly, Hamlets execution of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern is warranted by their willingness to serve Claudius. Hamlet justifies his actions, saying essentially that his friends got caught in the middle, between him and Claudius; that their â€Å"own insinuation† (5.2. 59) has brought about their defeat. In the end of the play Hamlet says: â€Å"There is special providence in fall of a sparrow. If it be now, ‘tis not to come; if it be not to come, it will be now; if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all. Since no man of aught he le aves knows, what is’t to leave betimes? Let be† (5.2. 220-5). Hamlet expresses his belief in fate – whatever is meant to be will come sooner or later. Perhaps he feels that he is destined to die, or he might feel confident enough to win. With the full acceptance of the idea of revenge came the acceptance of fate. Hamlet’s philosophical nature wins. Hamlet’s different states of mind are essential to the play. Through those changes Shakespeare shows the reader the birth, growth and demise of Hamlet’s character. From the beginning Hamlet faces several questions he must decide whether to avenge his father or not, and if so, how. Those are not easy questions. By showing Hamlet’s uncertainty and inability to make a decision throughout the play Shakespeare makes him so human that the reader starts to wonder whether Hamlet did actually exist. Also Shakespeare shows the reader that for a man with Hamlets ideals the world is out of joint with i tself, in which he can only hope for perfection, but never achieve it. Supernatural Issues Homemade Education Essay

War and Humanism

Humanity knows what a war is. It is impossible to find a part in the world where people live and who have never been involved into war relationships. War has always been considered as the final stage of solving conflicts when nothing used in negotiations helped. People understand that wars have never led to anything good, however, weapon conflicts are still used for making sure that people have done absolutely everything.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War and Humanism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A weapon conflict which leads to the war is usually used for achieving humanistic goals. One of the main ideas of the war is to maintain justice when one country acts inappropriately. Therefore, the humanistic goals in war conflicts cannot be rejected. However, World War II was traumatizing for mankind with having an idea to break humanity into pieces rather than achieve humanistic goals. Speaking about humanism as a theory, it should be stated that it was invented by Carl Roger and Abraham Maslow. According to the humanistic theory the have developed â€Å"all people have the potential for creativity, positive outlook, and the pursuit of higher values† (Comer and Gould 19). Applying this theory to the war, it is essential to speak about the better future for those who were involved into the war conflict. Therefore, it is necessary to speak about the reasons of the World War II. Which were much complicated that those of the First World War. Different countries entered the World War II to satisfy their own needs. Therefore, it is difficult to speak about humanism as humanistic goals are similar for all countries and when it goes about various purposes there is no place for humanism. What is meant? For example, the reason of Japan to attack China or USA, and the reasons of Great Britain to declare war to Germany do not coincide. Each of these countries pursued their personal goals (Ross 8). Is not it a desire to break humanity into pieces? Following personal goals and trying to pursue individual needs government of the countries as well as the leaders of the wars never think about people, their families, etc. It is important to remember the partisan war when the family members appeared on different sides. Is this humanism? Is it possible to call the actions where people are killed a humanism? Such problem formulation is considered as the covert reason for the war in general and the World War II in particular. However, there are still some reasons which were similar for all counties. Many scholars divide the reasons of the World War II on three major groups, social, economic and political. Each of these groups has several particular causes which lead to the beginning of the war.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, social reasons are absence of the enforcement of the i nternational community of the demands of the treaty after the World War I, Germany appeared as the main responsible party for the World War I. Considering these social reasons from the humanistic point of view, it is possible to say that they shaped society and created the particular aspects which could make the gaps in humanistic reasons of the wars. Germany was blamed for everything, it was considered as the worst in its actions which is not what may be appreciated by others. German citizens wanted to assure that they are not worse than others, therefore, the war was inevitable. The political problems were centered on Hitler and German aggression. The problems after the World War II were not decided, therefore, there was no place for the humanistic considerations. Finally, economical problems were the largest, as the society was divided into the successfully developing reasons and those whose economy was shaken by the World War I (Harrison 28). Considering these causes of the Worl d War II as the most effective and reasonable, the logical considerations do not allow to call them humanistic. Returning to the discussion of humanism as the main possible reason of the war, it should be stated that humanism â€Å"in the general sense entails the replacement of despotic capitalism with democratic socialism† (Parsons 79). However, it is impossible to agree with this statement, as fighting for general good, it is impossible to be that firm and categorical about â€Å"despotic capitalism† and â€Å"democratic socialism† (Parsons 79). Hitler wanted to be the headmaster of the whole world, therefore, he needed to divide it into pieces to be able to ruin it and impose his empire. Therefore, refusing the humanistic theory as the central reason for the war, many scholars agree that the World War II â€Å"shaped the world in which we live now† (Ross 9). Considering the problem of the effects of the World War II in the long term period it is also possible to find the remnants of the humanistic effect, if it was, or to come across the signs of the social breaking into pieces. Hormats and Ratner speak about the following long-term effects of the war, the emergence of women, the emergence of the global economic and financial system, the re-emergence of state-owned and state-supported enterprises, the internet and the free flow of information, the diffusion of opportunity and innovation, and globalization (Hormats and Ratner 144). However, speaking about these reasons as a result of the humanistic war, it is impossible to refer to all of them as to the equal consequences of the war. There are a lot of countries which were involved in the World War II, but which economic situation is not that good as in other countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War and Humanism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are also many particular countries where the relation to women cannot be called as equal. Globalization has also affected various countries differently. Therefore, looking at the world after the World War II in the long term period, it is possible to say that it did not follow humanistic goals but is was rather directed at shaping and break humanity into pieces. Many movies have been shot and many books have been written as the supportive ones for the ruining nature of wars. Reading Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five or watching the movie based on the book, it is possible to see how war can be traumatizing and ruining to a person. Thanks to the particular presentation of the events which flow in unstable order without time frames, a reader has an opportunity to see how specific events of the war affect a person. Comparing and contrasting the beginning of the trip of the main character in time and its end, the shade of meaning in the text may be compared and contrasted. â€Å"Billy is spastic in time, has no control over where he is going next, and the trips aren’t necessarily fun. He is in a constant state of stage fright, he says, because he never knows what part of his life he is going to have to act in next† (Vonnegut 23), this is how the trips of the main character begin. â€Å"Billy and the rest wandered out onto the shady street. The trees were leafing out. There was nothing going on out there, no traffic of any kind. There was only one vehicle, an abandoned wagon drawn by two horses. The wagon was green and coffin shaped. Birds were talking. One bird said to Billy Pilgrim. ‘Poo-tee-weet’?† (Vonnegut 215). This is the end of the trip. In the first sentence the curiosity may be seen, while the last phrase shows indifference to the surrounding world which is anyway empty. Considering the life of those who came through the war, it is important to state about their mental problems. Dementia is considered one of the main problems of the post war period. Additionally, ma ny scholars point to the fact that veterans required help when they were 20, but not when more than 60 years has passed. Although research has not been carried out on Second World War veterans it is fair to assume that a lot of the dementia we have here in that age group is a result of the war† says Rosemary Black, a correspondent of Daily News. The problem of dementia and other types of traumatic stress disorders have been considered by different scientists. Erica Weir says that â€Å"It is normal to want to avoid painful memories, but if the avoidance is accompanied by hyper arousal, flashbacks, nightmares and a restricted range of emotions, the syndrome of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be present† (Weir 1187).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dwelling upon the traumatism of the war, it is logical to conclude that the World War II had nothing in common with humanism. Langer said that the intention to kill and the intention to destroy ruin human understanding of morality. Morality is the â€Å"foundation of all other values† (Langer 56), therefore, being destroyed at war people cannot get used to new principles when they are at home. Before the war people usually lead their normal lives, they experience the desire of intimacy and love, they value beauty and pleasure. However, after the â€Å"humanizing† war as many scholars try to assure us, these people return absolutely different with ruined understanding of previous moral and ethical norms. Therefore, where the World War II was humanistic and directed at common good? Looking at the reasons of the war and its consequences, not even a word about humanistic nature of the war should be said. The World War II was traumatizing for people, it broke humanity into pieces and even after some many years passed after the end of the World War II people still unable to gather these pieces. In conclusion, it should be stated that having tried to consider the main aspects of the World War II from the point of view of humanism, the reasons and consequences are to be considered. Neither causes nor the effect of the war have humanistic nature, therefore, the World War II may be considered as purely traumatizing with the purpose to break humanity into pieces. People are too lucky as their natural tension to beauty and good leaves its imprint and the World War II ended with the victory of the good. Works Cited Black, Rosemary. â€Å"Traumatic experiences during World War II may be source of dementia for veterans: study.† Daily News 16 Sept. 2009. Web. Comer, Ronald and Elizabeth Gould. Psychology around Us, New York: John Wiley Sons, 2012. Print. Harrison, Mark. The economics of World War II: an overview, 1998. Web. Hormats, Robert and Ariel M. R atner. â€Å"World War II to 2011: Changes and Challenges in the Global Economy.† Business Economics 46.3 (2011): 144-153. Print. Langer, Ron. â€Å"Combat Trauma, Memory, and the World War II Veteran.† War, Literature the Arts: An International Journal of the Humanities 23.1 (2001): 50-59. Print. Parsons, Howard L. Man Today: Problems, Values and Fulfillment, New York: John Benjamins Publishing, 1979. Print. Ross, Stewart. The Second World War, New York: Evans Brothers, 1995. Print. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five, New York: RosettaBooks, 2010. Print. Weir, Erica. â€Å"Veterans and post-traumatic stress disorder.† CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal 163.9 (2000): 1187. Print. This essay on War and Humanism was written and submitted by user Phoenix Vazquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Is There A God

of Charles Spurgeon â€Å"Men will allow God to be everywhere except on his throne† d. Men want help but not leadership B. The only question that matters 1. Influences our attitudes 2. Influences our personality 3. How we spend our money 4. Everything about us C. The answer will show us what’s after death 1. Heaven 2. Hell 3. No life after death D. If there is a God, who is he 1. Indians believed in Sun God 2. Greeks worshipped Zeus 3. Some people to are atheists 4. Christians worship Jehovah II. Proving Gods existence A. Numbers to big for universe to happen by chance 1. The sun a. Has a diameter of 864,000 miles b. Any bigger everything collapses into it c. Smaller everything flies off 2. The earth a. A diameter of 8,000 miles b. If smaller, earth has no atmosphere c. Travels at 67,000 miles per hour d. 93 million miles from sun e. If farther we freeze f. Closer we burn up 3. Earths atmosphere a. 71% Nitrogen b. 21% Oxygen c. 2% Other d. Any different, we wouldn’t be able to breathe B. 7 ways of Disproving Evolution 1. Decay of earth’s magnetic field a.  ½ life of 1,400 yrs b. 7,000 yrs ago 32 times stronger c. 25,000 years ago, its heat and strength destroys earth d. Earth must be less than 25,000 yrs old 2. Populations Statistics a. A  ½ % growth rate, 5 billion people in 4,500 yrs b. It’s believed that the flood of Noah was 4,500 yrs ago ... Free Essays on Is There A God Free Essays on Is There A God God? Is there a god? If there is a god why doesn’t he make himself more evident and his existence not only proved by faith? Vailable questions that have plagued mankind since the place we have come to know as our world, came to be. I consider myself a Christian but many times I struggle with the same questions the atheist and agnostics use to disprove the existence of an all powerful, and omniscient God. Can we prove God or did this God make it so we must believe blindly or by solely faith? The bible states "Behold, as for the proud one, His soul is not right within him; But the righteous will live by his faith. As Christians we must go on faith but there is enough evidence to prove his existence. Occam’s razor is a principle made by William of Occam in the late 13th century. that scientist of today and all through time have used this, it states that one should use a simple explanation with a few explanatory premises before a more complex one. Most non believers use this in order to try to disprove god by saying that is it more simple to say that there is an all powerful God which space and time does not apply and all things are made and verified through him or is it simpler to say that all things just occur because of the way they are and through adaptation. I believe on the other hand that it is simplier to say that one person has created all we see rather than a one in a billion chance of the proper elements coming together at one moment in time and magically we appear. It is a known fact among Christians that our God is all powerful and can do all things no matter the task. Hes created everything we see and knows all that we do and all to come. By believing this same premise, non-believers create a reasoning that being omnipotent is impossible because you arrive at paradoxes, such as can God create a wall that even he cant tear down? Or can God create a Rock even he can’t carry? By saying no to either of these your show... Free Essays on Is There A God IS THERE A GOD? Purpose: To strengthen the belief in God using scientific theories and mathematical equations. Thematic Statement: The universe that we live in is much too big and complex to have happened by chance, and there are scientific and mathematic equations to back up my beliefs. I. Is there a God A. Belief of God is more questioned today than ever 1. As science advances, men question more 2. Men today have more pride than ever a. Refusal to believe that God is over them b. Want to feel that they are above all c. In the words of Charles Spurgeon â€Å"Men will allow God to be everywhere except on his throne† d. Men want help but not leadership B. The only question that matters 1. Influences our attitudes 2. Influences our personality 3. How we spend our money 4. Everything about us C. The answer will show us what’s after death 1. Heaven 2. Hell 3. No life after death D. If there is a God, who is he 1. Indians believed in Sun God 2. Greeks worshipped Zeus 3. Some people to are atheists 4. Christians worship Jehovah II. Proving Gods existence A. Numbers to big for universe to happen by chance 1. The sun a. Has a diameter of 864,000 miles b. Any bigger everything collapses into it c. Smaller everything flies off 2. The earth a. A diameter of 8,000 miles b. If smaller, earth has no atmosphere c. Travels at 67,000 miles per hour d. 93 million miles from sun e. If farther we freeze f. Closer we burn up 3. Earths atmosphere a. 71% Nitrogen b. 21% Oxygen c. 2% Other d. Any different, we wouldn’t be able to breathe B. 7 ways of Disproving Evolution 1. Decay of earth’s magnetic field a.  ½ life of 1,400 yrs b. 7,000 yrs ago 32 times stronger c. 25,000 years ago, its heat and strength destroys earth d. Earth must be less than 25,000 yrs old 2. Populations Statistics a. A  ½ % growth rate, 5 billion people in 4,500 yrs b. It’s believed that the flood of Noah was 4,500 yrs ago ...

The Exeter Story's Organizational Structure Term Paper

The Exeter Story's Organizational Structure - Term Paper Example The Exeter has a new manager, he wants to have full control on every aspect of the company, He wants to have a major revamped on what requires renewing in the organization but it also has a great impact to the whole company and its operation (Fowler, 2005). A major change is a right phrase here, and change is not as simple as it is perceived and not a slice of cake. When a company is undergoing change, different aspects of the organization are turned around and things are not done like before.            Having power absolutely gives complete control. The relationships between the superior and the employees come into the picture. At the same time, getting rid of company employees just to have full control of the company is unethical (Heene and Sanchex, 1997). Then, moral values come in. Getting rid of the Finance staff and the HR staff would result to chaos in the organization since there are people engaged in the decision that they might lose their job. The employees are working hard before the General Manager entered the company, this would create criticisms.   The new General Manager would also like to focus on the conventional organizational structure that would limit free communication among the management and employees rather than motivating.          Thus, in view of all the actions of the new managers need proper analysis and considerations especially regarding ethics and moral values in order to In this paper the author demonstrates how to avoid company loss, creating a firm organization wherein employees can work freely, equally delegated workload, smooth operation and harmonious work relationship among employees. Injustice to everyone in the company, each of the employees and their tasks should be examined and investigated who among that are doing their job well.   This would be hassle-free for the new General Manager to identify who goes and who stays (Mclagan, 2002). That way, there will be no chaos. This would be the time wherein the finance employees and the HR employees would merge with another department so they would not lose their job.

Leadership and Talent Management as a strategy to motivated workforce Literature review

Leadership and Talent Management as a strategy to motivated workforce - Literature review Example In the conclusion we have stated the importance of leadership and talent management in motivation of employees at workplace. They both are required in today’s’ working environment for better outcome. The word â€Å"Motivation† has come from a Latin word â€Å"Mover† which means â€Å"to move†. It is the key factor which stimulate the internal as well as the external factors of the employees of any organization. This particular factor helps to inspire the employee towards their work. By this particular factor an employee finds the inspiration to come to the work place (Oettingen and Gollwitzer, 1996, pp.). The motivational factor can be both emotional as well as materialistic. This motivational factor is totally dependent upon the employer. How the employer wants to satisfy their employees, what are the benefits they want to give to them etc. Now making the employee satisfied is very important as they are the key tools with the help of which an organization achieves their desired goals and earned profit. That is the reason why the employees of any organization are termed as Human Resource. So it is very important to keep the employees happy and satisfied with the work environment. This is so because if they will be in a good and happy state the outcome what the company will get from them will be the optimum one and this will make it easier for the company to achieve their desired target and the company will progress in a healthy manner. A feeling must be there by the side of the employer that they do care for their employee and in any tough situation they are always beside their worke r (Weiner and Graham, 1990, pp. 63-64). Different steps and initiative taken for the motivational factor in an organization will help to develop a positive attitude in the mind of the employee. The initiative regarding this factor will create a thought in the mind of the employee that the employers are concern about them and want to develop their

Article Abstract Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Article Abstract Assignments - Assignment Example er media, corporations that interact with the leagues and teams, and communities that construct facilities and support local clubs as the main customers of the professional leagues (Mason 406-407). The author further observed that customers manifest their interest on the professional leagues for distinct reasons. However, the author establishes the fact that the marketing of this product harbors many problems. Indeed, it is clear that marketing problems arise when each customer seeks suitable marketing opportunities in conflict with other parties. Problems relating the marketing of the league arise for example in problematic relationship existing between sport, television, and sponsorship emanating from corporate involvement. In addition, financial disparities between clubs in the same league is a problem that affects the marketing of the league where rich teams gain a competitive advantage thus leading to uncertain results and thus hardships in maintaining the customer base (Mason 4 13-414). Subject to these marketing problems, the author recommends further research and analysis on this topic. The paper made significant contributions in that it was able to denote the business entity of the sport, highlight and discuss the main parties to a professional league, and consequently establish the possible major problems in marketing the professional leagues. The input on the distinct reasons that give various parties interest in the league was significant in addressing the research question. However, the paper falls short in providing tangible solutions to the marketing problems in a professional league. As such, the paper only recommends further analysis and research, which is not a substantial contribution to the research question. The paper seemingly forgot about the satisfaction that the league accords various parties and the need to derive value from any league. More so, the paper forgot to include the rules governing professional leagues. Mason, David. What is

Validity Of A Badminton Specific Vo2max Test Physical Education Essay

Validity Of A Badminton Specific Vo2max Test Physical Education Essay The characteristics of badminton have been studied in detail in an attempt to further the knowledge of coaches and athletes in order to improve performance and training regimes (Chin et al, 1995; Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). Badminton is a sport that requires repeated high intensity, short duration movements that places both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems under physiological stress (Manrique and Badillo, 2003). During matches performers undertake bursts of high intensity activity followed by recovery periods regularly throughout the match. Matches at an elite level can vary in length from 20 minutes to an hour (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). Through the understanding of the sports technical, intermittent and explosive nature, athletes can train and prepare appropriately in order to meet the physiological demands placed on them during competition. During badminton match play, individuals require a combination of the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems, as well as the physiological requirements of power, flexibility, agility and movement speed, all of which are essential to provide effective match performance. During match play, it has been identified that individuals will maintain heart rates of over 75% of Heart Rate maximum (HR max) in the doubles discipline and over 80% of HR max in singles (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). In order for athletes to be able to perform successfully at these intensities for an extended period of time, their aerobic energy systems must be able to hope with such demands. In order for this to be possible training must be conducted appropriately and specifically enough to allow for successful adaptations to occur. This training can be undertaken through work within a gymnasium where aspects of cardiovascular fitness and strength and conditioning can be improved, alongside on-court training to improve technical ability and fitness. Knowing the effectiveness of certain methods of training can give athletes an advantage when it comes to competition. Girard et al., (2005) highlighted the limitations of using treadmill testing within racquet sports such as squash and badminton. They emphasised that exercise testing on the treadmill is not specific enough for the muscles involved in these sports and is therefore inadequate for evaluating the specific demands of the sport. Consequently, assessing the effectiveness of training adaptations in relation to match performance can only be conducted through the use of specific testing. This has enforced the view that, the development of appropriate fitness tests in sport is generally considered to be one of the essential tasks of sports scientists (Chin et a l., 1995). Chin et al., (1995) suggested that the customary standardised tests for aerobic fitness are not sufficient for an accurate prediction of successful performance in most sports, especially racket sports. They go on to claim that due to the intermittent characteristics of badminton, an accurate fitness test cannot be appropriately simulated in a laboratory situation. Therefore, it is necessary to assess physiological profiles of such sports during field tests. Wonisch et al., (2003) suggested that the direct measurement of respiratory gas exchange variables under field conditions may be useful in future research. They also suggested that further studies under competition-like conditions may provide additional information about the impact of aerobic power in badminton. Recent technological advancements have enabled the development of lightweight ambulatory metabolic devices allowing for an accurate evaluation of racquet sports such as badminton whilst on court. This has proved essential for assessing the specific demands of sport due to the ability to analyse and record specific physiological contributions to exercise, such as VO2, VCO2 and RER, within 5 second intervals. Studies which have used this method of assessing the physiological demands of badminton include; Roecker et al. (2005) and Faude et al. (2007). Previously, physiological profiling using mixing-chamber based metabolic devices have been undertaken in football (Ferrauti et al. 2006), tennis (Smekal et al. 2001), and badminton (Faccini and Dal Monte, 1996) but were all unable to attain accurate and sport specific values reflecting the physiological demands. Sport-specific fitness tests have been created for the Badminton England and the Welsh Institute of Sport. These field tests have been designed to be highly sport-specific and easily administered by players and coaches (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). These tests are able to assess; jumping ability, movement speed, and aerobic performance. These tests have been used to provide specific fitness testing results which can enable the coach to identify whether an athleteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance is being restricted by movement technique or general fitness (Hughes and Cosgrove, 2007). Recently a sport specific, incremental aerobic fitness test has been developed by the Badminton England. Hughes, (2003) designed the protocol that will be used to investigate the physiological responses of badminton performers whilst on court. This is aimed at participants reaching a point of exhaustion by the end of the testing. It is proposed that when athletes reach exhaustion during this type of test, VO2max values could be attained. This is what is to be studied during this research process and if found to be the case, this testing procedure could provide a more accurate and effective method of assessing VO2max, and could phase out the use of treadmill VO2max testing within badminton. Using a badminton-specific incremental test to generate VO2max results rather than the generic treadmill VO2max test can provide increased validity in the assessment of an individual badminton playerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fitness level. It is important to be able to assess athletes in such ways in order to improve performance and adapt training regimes, especially at an elite level. However, as of yet there has not been testing conducted into the relationships between the three different endurance tests used in the study; the treadmill test and the on-court incremental test, which both provide measures of performance in terms of time to fatigue and the VO2 max result; and the speed endurance test which measures performance in terms of maximal speed, average speed and fatigue throughout the test. VO2max on-court is not only related to aerobic fitness, but also technique and the efficiency of on court movement. This is why it is important to investigate whether these tests are suitable fo r widespread use within badminton for accurately assessing individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s playersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ fitness levels, as well as identifying the effectiveness of specific field testing for application within all sports. .

privacy :: essays research papers

It is just part of rules that some American private companies offer, there are many others rules which had been made and could be followed. But for Chinese industry there are less such industry moral principle to follow .In another aspect, only to take the way of self-regulation for industry, only to depend on the self-regulation of private detective company and the conscious of its employees, it is not enough obviously. So in America, the government still made several acts to restricted the industry, and protect the privacy. And for China the situation is different. Majority of people do not receive too well education, and quality of majority is not trustful, so we must make complete law, but not the model of self-regulation of people themselves. And we know there is no enough law about the protection of privacy especially for the Internet privacy of Chinese citizens. And in my opinion, Chinese government is in urgently needed to build law of privacy especial for the Internet privac y, and it should emphasize these following points. Principle 1 make clear the range of internet privacy, it will benefit to the judgments in law case. Principle 2 make clear how the data of individual in Internet is collected legally, and how the personal information in web site be used legally. Principle 3 emphasize on the protection of the peace for people to surf on the Internet, and avoid they were disturbed by spasm e-mail illegally. Principle 4 make specific act about the protection of children ¡Ã‚ ¯s privacy, because it is some different from the adult, and we can learn some from the children ¡Ã‚ ¯ privacy protection act in America. Principle5 make clear how to punish people who infringe other ¡Ã‚ ¯s privacy and digital privacy surely, in order to fulfill some vacuum of criminal law in China. 4.2 for Individual For individual, we should do more education, and make them to know the importance of their privacy, to be more careful when they was requested for the personal information. And encourage them to pay more attention to protect their privacy. In American, more and more employers are monitoring their workers on the job. In fact, according to the American Management Association, nearly tree quarters of U.S. companies now electronically monitor employees in several ways. And with China open to the world, more and more foreign company came to China, and those companies also take much action to surveillance their employees, much of this surveillance is legal, so in order to protect your privacy in the working place, individual need to know what he should do.

Cash Connection Essay

Allen Franks, President of Cash Connections, a short-term cash lending firm realized that the most profitable endeavor in the check-cashing store industry is to set up stores in towns where no check-cash stores exist. Setting up Cash Connections in these places, his business became one of the leading companies in his industry by the mid to late 1990’s. The payday industry grew from larger financial institutions leaving the market, huge overdraft and late fee costs, and increased regulation of the firms allowing higher consumer trust. In an industry that reaches to 10% of all U. S. households, advanced about $40 billion in short-term credit a year, and contributed $2. 9 billion in direct labor income, Cash Connection utilized Sun Tzu’s principle of attacking where unprepared to beat his competitors. Charging these enormous fees and costing only around $130,000 to start-up, the industry entails a lucrative structure. The Complication: There has been some concern for how high the fees are and how the model could take advantage of those caught in a troubling financial situation. Payday loans averaged around $300, and charged fees between around $15 to $20 per $100 loaned, resulting in an annual percentage rate of 520% (Gamble 2011). The media has decried this credit system as a predatory industry thrusting people into debt, which it no doubt absolutely has in some cases. The demographic of payday customers were middle income, earning mostly between $25,000 to $50,000 a year. They were usually of average education, made up of young families, and were a part of the somewhat normal working class. Many companies including Cash Connection had requirements such as holding a job and having a bank account in order to do business with the company. As media and public outcry have risen, lawmakers have begun to react and regulate the industry. The more it does so, the more people use it. On the state level, some completely outlaw it, as 13 currently have (Teegardin 2007). Some states limit the amount of rollovers the vendor is allowed to require, and all supervise with regulatory regimes.

Free Essays on MetalsUSA

Metals USA Summary: Metals USA is a leading integrated metals processor and distributor in North America serving more than 45,000 customers with a diverse product line in the Plates and Shapes, Flat Rolled steel and Building Products markets. We are focused primarily on providing our customers with a comprehensive range of innovative, value-added products services and solutions at the highest of customer satisfaction levels. We believe that the scope and depth of our vast resources enable us to play the important role of single-source partner for our many customers who seek to streamline and reduce their supply chain costs and enhance efficiency, productivity and profitability. With our sound business strategy based on industry, geographic and product diversity, supported by our ISO 9002 certification and intelligent customer-oriented investments, Metals USA is the one company that can consistently deliver on our promise of "Customer Service Without Compromise." 52 facilities broken up into three product group segments: Plates and Shapes Group, of Metals USA, operates 20 full line Service Centers throughout the United States. The Group inventories, sells, and processes a wide variety of alloy grades and shapes of carbon steel, aluminum and stainless steel. Industries serviced include: Fabrication, Construction, Marine, Machinery and Equipment, Transportation, Aerospace, Electronics, and Energy. The Flat Rolled Group companies of Metals USA, operating from plants throughout America, supply a broad base of O.E.M. and metal forming customers by providing local hands-on service supported by the strength of a national service center. Our customers look to us for a wide variety of metal products in sheet, coil and strip configurations; in standard and configured blanks and in custom-engineered pre-paint metal products. There are 13 facilities that hold this type of work Building Products, L.P., a division of Metals USA, ... Free Essays on MetalsUSA Free Essays on MetalsUSA Metals USA Summary: Metals USA is a leading integrated metals processor and distributor in North America serving more than 45,000 customers with a diverse product line in the Plates and Shapes, Flat Rolled steel and Building Products markets. We are focused primarily on providing our customers with a comprehensive range of innovative, value-added products services and solutions at the highest of customer satisfaction levels. We believe that the scope and depth of our vast resources enable us to play the important role of single-source partner for our many customers who seek to streamline and reduce their supply chain costs and enhance efficiency, productivity and profitability. With our sound business strategy based on industry, geographic and product diversity, supported by our ISO 9002 certification and intelligent customer-oriented investments, Metals USA is the one company that can consistently deliver on our promise of "Customer Service Without Compromise." 52 facilities broken up into three product group segments: Plates and Shapes Group, of Metals USA, operates 20 full line Service Centers throughout the United States. The Group inventories, sells, and processes a wide variety of alloy grades and shapes of carbon steel, aluminum and stainless steel. Industries serviced include: Fabrication, Construction, Marine, Machinery and Equipment, Transportation, Aerospace, Electronics, and Energy. The Flat Rolled Group companies of Metals USA, operating from plants throughout America, supply a broad base of O.E.M. and metal forming customers by providing local hands-on service supported by the strength of a national service center. Our customers look to us for a wide variety of metal products in sheet, coil and strip configurations; in standard and configured blanks and in custom-engineered pre-paint metal products. There are 13 facilities that hold this type of work Building Products, L.P., a division of Metals USA, ...

Social Welfare Spending essays

Social Welfare Spending essays In todays world there are many issues that repeatedly appear on the front lines of the modern political battlefield: Fiscal Policy, Social Welfare, and Foreign Policy. These issues tend to become the main topic of political debates, especially around election time. While Fiscal and Foreign Policy are important, it seems that the topic of Social Welfare creates the most conflict. This may be because Social Welfare issues are directly related to Fiscal and Foreign Policy. The relation of these issues is simple. As the government creates programs to improve the standard of living for Americans in need it also creates debt. The amount of money that the government is willing to spend on the programs then becomes an issue introducing fiscal policy. This same process affects Foreign Policy through the amount of Foreign Aid provided by the United States to other countries and the debt it incurs by doing so. These issues are fueled by material scarcity and ideological differences, creating the proverbial double edged sword. The Republican Party believes that the government should help people as much as possible but with limited government intervention which usually equates to lower taxes, while the Democratic Party believes in Big government with many programs to provide for people in need. However by providing more services they inherently spend more money which means higher taxes. Sadly, as the political battle rages and the policies are created certain groups of people either are happy or enraged over the outcome. The ideological battle rages as topics of ethnicity and economic status are raised and challenged and people from all walks of life are added to the mix. Opinions are made lines are drawn and the issue is never truly solved. Many attest this is because of material scarcity and the fight between the Haves and the Have-Nots. This argument is painful to both ends of the spectrum because th ...

Comparison between Christianity and Hinduism based on the seven Essay

Comparison between Christianity and Hinduism based on the seven dimensions of religion - Essay Example On experiential and emotional dimension, Hinduism believes in Brahma the mother Goddess and the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu is the protector and Shiva the Destroyer and several hundreds of gods thought to emanate from the mother Goddess Brahman. In this tradition, God and trinity are one in their purest form and mother Goddess is worshipped. In the Christian traditions, God and the trinity are quite different. Some Christians worship Virgin Mary as the Holy mother. On narrative Christian traditions describe Earths creation, starting with the universe and final creation of man. Additionally, the early life of Gods creations is described, this forms the Old Testament in the bible, and later on the life of Jesus is narrated. In Hinduism, formation of the universe has been narrated, basing on the fact that it formed through a gradual process caused by Prakrit. On Social and institutional approach there are no rules on how God reveals himself, or how he chooses messengers in Hinduism. God i ncarnates himself, physically reveals himself or as such, chooses heavenly beings or a pure soul to accomplish his work. It is believed that, his final incarnation will happen at the end of this cosmic period. However, in Christian traditions it is believed that Jesus is no equal to man. it is believed that no more messiahs will come, until only the second coming of Christ. On ethical and legal rules, Hinduism believes in forgiveness, prayers, inner purity, as a way for earning Gods grace, and as a way for soul liberation. In the Christian traditions, such beliefs are the means by which man abides by Gods law and indeed personify the will of Jesus Christ as well as Christian values. Liberation from sin is not personally achieved but it is through the faith in Jesus and the teaching on Gods law. On Doctrinal and philosophical dimension, the bible forms the basis for the Christian principles and values. Indeed the Roman church acknowledges traditions in line with the bible as the prim ary source for the doctrine. Christianity has been instrumental in the shaping of Islam and Jainism. In Hinduism, the pillars of the traditions originate from the smritis, or as such the books of revelation. As such traditions, the epics, law books, and the writing of different philosophers serves as a guide to the spiritual life of the Hindus. Notably, Hinduism has been instrumental in shaping the history of Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. Lastly, on material Christians use Palm branches as a symbol of victory. The burning bush depicts Gods divine power. In Hinduism, the Om or Aum has been used as a symbol for piety where it is enshrined in Hindu temples and some family shrines. As such Om has been used to symbolize divinity, as well as authority. In addition, swastika is used which symbolizes the eternal nature of Brahman. Christian sub traditions include Catholicism, orthodox Christians, Protestants and Anglicanism. The catholic doctrines proclaim that the church is infallible to the dogmatic teaching on morality and faith. Protestants belief in bible authority, while Orthodox Christians is a set of governing churches affiliated to the eastern Christian traditions. In Hinduism, the main sub traditions include the Vaishnavism, Shaktism, and Shaivism as well as, Smartism. As such the denominations share common rituals and belief as well as, traditions. However, each denomination has its own philosophy concerning the achievement of the ultimate goal in life. As In this denomination, a follower believes in the deity Vishnu. Secondly, Shaivism forms the second largest religious community

Ecconomic globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ecconomic globalization - Essay Example tion has led to economic growth by increasing the aggregate demand which increases exports as well as increasing aggregate supply through higher levels of investments that are associated with globalization. Globalization has led to destruction of jobs in the manufacturing sector and increase of jobs in the service sector. In addition to that, globalization has led to the increased demand of skilled labour and reduced demand of unskilled labour. This is because firms have shifted their some of their productions stages to countries with cheap labour only leaving the ones that required highly skilled man power within the USA. This has led to widening income gap in the United States of America (Hanson, 2006). Globalization has impacted positively on export and import trade in the USA. This increased trade has led to increase in the GDP of the country. However the effect of globalization on balance of payment is uncertain and it hugely depends on the relative growth rates, exchange rates and

Consumer behaviour analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer behaviour analysis - Assignment Example One of the advantages of undertaking an analysis of consumer behavior is that it enables the business to produce goods and services that meet the specific needs of consumers. Businesses have to make a consideration of the buyers’ cultural determinants of their purchase patterns and other factors so that they address them in the product design and development (Kumra 32). In assessing the culture of the target market, consumes have to understand that some products can do well in certain places and not others. In this case, they have to ensure that they avoid those places that they do not stand to sell their products for various reasons. Alternatively, they can design products that fulfill the needs of those populations effectively. A marketing strategy refers to approach designed by a business to increase its sales and achieve a sustainable and reliable competitive advantage in the market place. The strategy comprises of all the fundamental short and long-term activities in the marketing field. A reliable marketing strategy in a company addresses the analysis of initial situations towards the process of formulating, evaluating and selecting market –oriented approaches in tandem with the laid down goals and objectives (Morphitou and Savvas 201). In designing this strategy, cultural considerations that will play a role include the beliefs and values of people pertaining the goods and services (Mooij 35). The company has to design a marketing approach that appeals to the market’s beliefs and practices. For instance, when people believe that smartphones are essential in enhancing the value of their personal and social services, the business has to use promotional tools and language the emphasize on this issues. Secondly, consumer behavior characteristics are also essential in designing the marketing strategies. Consumers’ preferences for certain brands

John Clare Essay Example for Free

John Clare Essay John Clare (1793-1864) was born on July 13 at Helpstone, a village in Northamptonshire, close to the Lincolnshire fens. His father, Parker Clare, worked as a farm laborer. In his spare time his father was also a rustic wrestler and ballad singer. Clare attended a dame school in his native village, and then went to Glinton School in the next village. When his father became ill with rheumatism, Clare began work first as a horse-boy, then ploughboy, then as a gardener at Burghley House. In 1812 he enlisted in the militia, returning home eighteen months later. He met Martha Turner in Casterton, who joined the Clare family just before the birth of the first of their eight children. Clare’s first book of poems appeared in 1820, published by Hessey and Taylor. The volume ran to four editions in the first year, and he became celebrated in London literary society as the â€Å"peasant poet†. In 1837 Clare was admitted into Mathew Allen’s private asylum of High Beech in Epping Forest, where he stayed for four years until he discharged himself, walking the eighty miles home to Northborough in three days, eating grass on the way. He wrote two long, suffering poems, Don Juan and Child Harold, which documented his precious mental state. He was certified insane by two doctors in December 18841 and was admitted to St, Andrews County Lunatic Asylum in Northampton, where he was treated well and continued to write, producing many short, semi-mystical poems. John Clare later passed away in the institution in 1864 at the age of 71. First Love I neer was struck before that hour With love so sudden and so sweet, Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower And stole my heart away complete. My face turned pale as deadly pale. My legs refused to walk away, And when she looked, what could I ail? My life and all seemed turned to clay. And then my blood rushed to my face And took my eyesight quite away, The trees and bushes round the place Seemed midnight at noonday. I could not see a single thing, Words from my eyes did start They spoke as chords do from the string, And blood burnt round my heart. Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow? She seemed to hear my silent voice, Not loves appeals to know. I never saw so sweet a face As that I stood before. My heart has left its dwelling-place And can return no more First love is a poem, which shows the experience the poet has falling in love for the first time. It is rejoicing the love he attained for a woman named Mary Joyce however there is sadness and a feeling of dissatisfaction hovering in the background. This feeling exists, as the love was unrequited. The poem has an underlying tone of innocence and flurry of emotions as it is the poets very first attempt at love exhibiting his feelings for Mary. The opening of the first stanza only shows how sudden and unexpected the feeling was as he was never â€Å"struck before that hour†, this is followed my sibilance alliteration so sudden and so sweet further emphasizing on the shock and bewilderment of the overwhelming feeling confirming it is a new experience. He uses his heart as a symbol that she has stolen completely away however unknowingly. The paragraph continues to describe how he physically felt ill as his face turned pale a deadly pale. Generally when a person falls in love the instinct is that the blood rushed to the face, which occurs as a latter reaction. This could be because he probably already sensed that the love could not be returned as he didn’t say anything to her instead he hoped that his eyes would convey the message â€Å"words from my eyes did start†. He never came close to even touching or  talking to her however the line â€Å"all seemed to turn to clay† conveys the strong affection he attained for her. He also shows how the woman is in control of their relationship as she could mould and re-mould him as per her wish. In the second stanza he goes on to describe more of his emotions brought forward by this interaction. He makes it quite visual for us of how the love has its affect on him and how he flushes with embarrassment so much that for a moment he feels blind. The physical impact of love relates the experience of love and loss.

Musics Effects On The Brain Music Essay

Musics Effects On The Brain Music Essay Music is a world renowned language that all can understand. From Australia to the deepest jungles of Africa, music is associated in peoples everyday lives. Music can be heard anywhere and everywhere: the grocery store, the gym, in the car, at work, at school, on the television, etc. Not only is music applied for entertainment but it can also be used for story telling, learning, religious rituals and medical therapy. Today, it is not uncommon for music to be used as a medicine for Parkinsons, Alzheimers, depression, anxiety, stroke-victim recovery, stress, memory loss, and mental well-being. Musics effect on the brain is a very profound and mysterious topic. It is said that music influences the process of thinking and analyzing, making work more enjoyable and efficient. Studies have shown that music increases the amount of endorphins (a chemical released in the brain to reduce pain and provide a good feeling state) in the brain, initially, jump-starting the bodies healing process. As it distracts the attention from pain, it concurrently generates chemical behaviors that promote healing. Along with physical healing and mental effects, music impacts human emotions. Often, someone will listen to music when they are distraught, happy, need to focus, exercising, etc. Experiments show that music in a major key will cause a person to be happy, while the music in a minor key will bring sadder, depressed emotions. This paper will discuss how the music of major and minor keys differently effect human emotions. Emotions Throughout an average day, humans will experience one emotion after the other: sadness, happiness, frustration, anger, guilt, remorse, etc. But when one is asked the question what is an emotion? most find themselves dumbfounded. The answer to what is an emotion is not an easy one to answer. For centuries great minds have studied to answer this question but have yet to receive a definite answer. There are many reasons for this state of affairs. One reason is that emotions are difficult to define and measure. (Juslin and Sloboda 73). To be able to define emotions, theorists must know where emotions come from and how they are detectable. From a scientific perspective, emotions can be concluded from three types of evidence: self reports, expressive behavior and physiological development (Juslin and Sloboda 74). Self reports are a variety of surveys people will take to measure their emotions. Although this method is a first hand account of emotions, it still includes many problems such as the imperfect relationship between emotions and words that denote emotions, and the problem of choosing which words to include on checklists or scales (Juslin and Sloboda 74). The second type of evidence is expressive behavior which is the study of peoples emotion by their facial expression, vocalizations or body language (Juslin and Sloboda 74). The difficulty with this procedure is that not all emotions are visible by expressive features. The third type of evidence used to decipher emotions is physiological kinds of measurement; this includes measuring heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension and much more. Many theorists have suggested definitions of emotions based off the previous three types of evidence. Based on a review of these definitions they proposed the following consensual definition (Kleinginna Kleinginna 1981, p. 355): Emotion is a complex set on interactions among subjective and objective factors, mediated by neural/hormonal systems, which can (a) give rise to affective experiences such as feelings of arousal, pleasure/displeasure; (b) generate cognitive processes such as perceptually relevant effects, appraisals, labeling processes; (c) activate widespread physiological adjustments to the arousing conditions; and (d) lead to behavior that is often, but not always, expressive, goal-directed and adaptive (Juslin and Sloboda 75). As seen in the previous definition, it is almost impossible to define emotions simplistically or even in one sentence. Tonality Like emotion, tonality is not an easy concept to grasp. For one, it is used in many different senses and areas of music. Also, tonality has been widely discussed amongst theorist as to what it is and its significance in Western music. One simple definition of tonality is a system for interpreting pitches or chords through their relationship to a reference pitch, dubbed the tonic. Once the tonic is established the relationship of this pitch to other pitches can be designated using scale-degree names or numbers (Huron 143). In other words, tonality is the organization of pitch. Referring to Western theorists, there are two types of tonalities: major and minor. The theory and use of major and minor tonality dominated Western culture between 1650 and 1900 (Forney 20). The tonality of a piece of music is determined by the scale used for the foundation of the music (Forney). A scale is a series of tones in ascending or descending order; may present the notes of a key (Forney A20). Because of the combination of intervals between notes in a scale, each scale has a special and unique sound. Major scales promote a feeling of happiness and cheerfulness while minor tones sound sad and dark A composer would not be likely to choose a minor key for a triumphal march, nor a major key for a lament (Forney 21). As stated earlier, the first note of the scale, the tonic, is used as a starting place Affects of Major Tonality on Human Emotions Musics effect on humans has been a hidden phenomenon for thousands of years. The emotional experience one has with music has always been enticing and misunderstood. Still, it is probably true that most people experience music-somehow, somewhere-everyday of their lives, often with an accompanying affective response of some sort (e.g. nostalgic recognition of a favourite song on the radio while driving a car, frustration directed at the music at the shops, joy while listening to an excellent performance at an evening concert, a sad mood created by the soundtrack of a late night movie) (Juslin and Sloboda 3). The goal of this section is to describe how the music from major tonalities influence human emotions. To sum up the affects of major tonality on human emotions is the results of David Hurons, author of Sweet Anticipation, experiment on the feeling evoked from listening to major scale degrees. Huron conducted his experiment by asking ten experienced Western-cultured musicians to describe the emotions they incorporate with different scale degrees from the major key. All ten musicians were given the following instructions: For each of the following scale degrees describe as best you can the distinctive quality or character of that tone. Describe how the tone makes you feel in as much detail as possible. Imagine the tones for the major key only. Please think of pitches rather than chords (Huron 144). The table below is the result of Hurons responses as displayed in his book Sweet Anticipation. Scale Tone Common Descriptors Sample Responses Tonic Stable, pleasure, home, contentment Stable, extremely satisfying, centered, foundational, solid, resolved, strong Raised tonic Strong, upward, bold Edgy, unstable, uncertain, upwardly, mobile, mildly precarious Lowered supertonic Surprise, abruptness, pause Somewhat dark, a sense of almost inevitable further descent, murky, unexpected richness, mild surprise Supertonic Solid, movement, resolve Hanging, dangling, transitory, moderate expectancy of more to come, part of a flow Raised supertonic Longing, unstable Needling, moderately harsh, jarring, unstable, off balance Mediant Bright, love, warmth, beauty Light, lifted, bright, point of many possible departures, yet also strongly restful, peaceful and calm Subdominant descending Akward, tentative, strong sense of being unfinished, Now what? no clear expectation of future, hanging feeling, would be happy to fall by half step Raised subdominant Intentional, motivated Moderately anxious, interrupted flow to dominant, somewhat curious about possibilities, fluidity, transitory Dominant Strong, muscular, balance, possibility, pleasant Strong, towering, height, sense of looking down from a tall building and being comfortable, but knowing youll eventually take to elevator back to the street level Raised dominant Leading, aspiring Leading to something, sense of implication, unfinished, leaning, mildly uncomfortable Submediant Balance, open, lightness Airy and open, temporary suspendedness, neutral, evokes mild curiosity in regard to direction Subtonic Falling, lightness, drifting downward, shifting Heavy, like walking with a limp, unexpected, open new possibilities, sheds a new light on things Leading tone Unstable, pointing, restless Sense of inevitably, highly unstable, uncomfortable, squirmy, itching, restless Hurons table provides direct and professional examples of emotions accompanied by scale degrees in the major key, now the question is what links these emotions to these particular scale degrees? Huron clusters the results into seven categories of the responses he received, certainty/ uncertainty, tendency, completion, mobility, stability, power and emotion (Huron 163). The certainty/ uncertainty category is the easiest to explain through statistical properties of music. Two scale tones were described as unexpected, surprising or abrupt- the lowered supertonic and the subtonic pitches (Huron 163). Because the supertonic and subtonic pitches appear the least out of all the scale tones the feeling of surprise or abruptness is normal. The category tendency describes the scale tones level of continuation, in other words, the tones ability to carry on with the melody or song at hand. The raised dominant and the leading tone were both described with words associated with tending or leading, -both tones that are statistically limited in their possible continuation tones (Huron 163). The completion category can also be described using statistical properties of music with relevance to the tonic and mediant pitches. Both pitches were described as restful indicating the pitches connection to the end or closure of musical phrases, allowing the listener to feel at rest or home-like. The fourth category, mobility, involves the supertonic and subtonic pitch. The supertonic was depicted as modern expectancy of more to come and the subtonic as like walking with a limp. Both pitches portray the act of moving but do not hold the same leading value as the tonic. The category of power, however, can not be easily described through the statistical properties of music. The raised tonic and dominant pitches were connected with words like jarring and harsh, creating the effect of power to the listener. The last category Huron describes is emotion. Terms like pleasure, beauty, and warmth, love, bright and pleasant are used to describe the tonic, mediant and dominant pitches. Negative hedonic terms like harsh, jarring, uncomfortable, and anxious were applied to tones such as the raised supertonic, the raised subdominant and the raised dominant (Huron 164). As made apparent from the table, positive emotions seem connected to frequently occurring tones with closure (Huron 164). A peculiar fact about tonality is that different tones can suggest different and specific emotions. Even a tone in one given context can have a completely different effect in another context. There are several factors attributed to why scale degrees in the major scale cause the listener to feel a variety of emotions, one of them being the predictability of a tone. When a tone has a high rate of predictability, the experience for the listener is more positive The most predictable tones and tone sequences tend to be experienced as the most pleasant- especially if listeners are not consciously aware of the high predictability (Huron 173). The most predictable structural feature in music is cadences. Cadences are the place of rest in a musical phrase. A cadence can either end in the middle of a melody, called an inconclusive cadence, causing the ending to feel dissonant. Meanwhile, a cadence can also end at the end of a melody, creating a consonant ending call a conclusive cadence. Music theorists have long observed that cadences tend to be organized in a stereotypical fashion. It is not simply the final note of the cadence that is predictable; the final note is often approached in a characteristic of formulaic manner (Huron 154). Cadences, however are not the only feature that increase the feeling of uncertainty Another feature is the increase in uncertainty that commonly follows after the closure point (Huron 156). So not only is there high predictability before the cadence but after as well. Listeners are more apt to forebode predictability with points of disruption or closure. Music in Silent Movies (To be changed) Silent Movies In todays movies there is barely ever a silent moment. For example, while actors are walking down the street multiple sounds can be heard: the actors dialogue, the sound of footsteps, cars screeching down the road, birds chirping, etc. There is constant noise in current movies, never allowing for one second of silence. In 1890s to the late 1920s silent films were prominent among towns and cities in the United States. Although they are called silent movies, they are far from silent. Characteristics of silent films include: little or no dialogue (if there was dialogue it was written in pamphlets and given to the audience), usually black and white, live orchestras and sometimes live narrators or actors. Because there was no recorded dialogue, silent films relied heavily on the acting of actors and the music to set the mood and tone for the film. Most actors were required to over act to be able to convey the emotions across the camera without verbal help. Actors like Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Clara Bow, and Blanche Sweet were all prominent in silent films and were used to portray the emotions the audience longed for. Genres of silent films include comedies, westerns, horror, science fiction, documentaries, series, animates, epics and experimental films. Like the actors in silent films, music played an essential role in this movie era, As silent cinema developed, and especially after c.1912, music came to play a crucial role in shaping and conditioning the viewers response to moving pictures (Cooke 5). Musicians were needed to write scores for the films that would effect peoples emotions the same way words would. The music was needed to take the audience through the story emotionally, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..music, by its very physical presence, created a sense of three-dimensionality singularly lacking in the projected image: while the film was projected from the rear of the hall to the screen at the front, so music played at the front was projected backwards over the audience and through a kind of transference or slippage between sound and image, the depth created by the sound is transferred to the flat surface image (Kalinak 1992, 44). (Cooke 6). Silent films were seen as an art form that had never been tried before. It was new technology that everyone was fascinated in learning and perfecting The silent era was a period of immense creativity, and there seems to be no end to its surprises (Brownlow XI). Silent films have been and will be longed cherished as timeless classics. Unfortunately, ninety percent of the films made during the silent era have disintegrated due to the use of nitrate film (Scorsese IX). Organizations like the National Film Registry and the Library of Congress work to preserve these movies and prevent any further losses. Charlie Chaplin As stated previously, Charlie Chaplin was a famous actor and director of silent films. Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889 in London, England. Charlie was born into fame, both his parents being renowned vocalists and actors. Appearing in small rolls for films like The Eight Lancashire Kids and Sherlock Holmes, Chaplin began his career before the age of fourteen I went home on the bus dazed with happiness, and began to get the full realization of what happened to me. I had suddenly left behind a like of poverty and was entering a long desired dream-a dream my mother had often spoken about, had reveled in. I was to become an actor! (Chaplin 78). Chaplin continued his career through vaudeville, which brought him to the United States where in 1913 he signed with the Keystone Film Company, making thirty-five films. From 1915 on, Chaplin directed his own movies and the popularity of his baggy-trousered tramp character earned him a million-dollar contract with First National in 1917 (Cooke 27). While working under First National, Chaplin made the films Shoulder Arms in 1918, The Kid in 1921 and The Pilgrim in 1923. In his later years, Chaplin focused away from directing and dabbled in music, sports and writing. Charlie Chaplin was a self-taught musician and wrote music for many of his films, for example Sing a Song, Eternally and With You Dear in Bombay. Chaplin also authored four books: My Autobiography, My Trip Abroad, A Comedian Sees the World and My Life in Pictures. Charlie Chaplin died Christmas day in 1977 at the age of seventy-eight. Over Charlie Chaplins career he was able to convey to the audience any character he wished Chaplins range of characters was extraordinary: he could be a waiter, a down-and-outer turned cop, a hapless immigrant, a vagrant violinist, a soldier- all with equal conviction (Kobel 59). Being the chameleon that Chaplin was, he spoke to the audience through his characters; appealing to peoples emotions and desires. (More sources and information to be added) How Major Tonalitys Effect on Human Emotion is used in Chaplins Movie